A Fiber-Coupled Scanning Magnetometer with Nitrogen-Vacancy Spins in a Diamond Nanobeam

ACS Photonics 10, 1859-1865 (2023) · DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00259

License: CC BY 4.0.

Abstract

Magnetic imaging with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins in diamond is becoming an established tool for studying nanoscale physics in condensed matter systems. However, the optical access required for NV spin readout remains an important hurdle for operation in challenging environments such as millikelvin cryostats or biological systems. Here, we demonstrate a scanning-NV sensor consisting of a diamond nanobeam that is optically coupled to a tapered optical fiber. This nanobeam sensor combines a natural scanning-probe geometry with high-efficiency through-fiber optical excitation and readout of the NV spins. We demonstrate through-fiber optically interrogated electron spin resonance and proof-of-principle magnetometry operation by imaging spin waves in an yttrium-iron-garnet thin film. Our scanning-nanobeam sensor can be combined with nanophotonic structuring to control the light-matter interaction strength and has potential for applications that benefit from all-fiber sensor access, such as millikelvin systems.

Figures

4 panels with data across 2 figures. Each panel page shows the plot, its columns and its files; each data.csv begins with a header naming the paper, the panel, the source, the license and the provenance route.

Fig. 1

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF.

Fig. 2

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF.

Fig. 3

• panel (d): NV electron spin resonance at zero magnetic field read out through the fiber: photoluminescence count rate (counts per second) against microwave frequency (GHz), measured trace (black line) at 30 nW optical excitation. data.csv
• panel (e): NV photoluminescence count rate (counts per second, after neutral-density filtering by a factor of $6 \times 10^6$) against input laser power (mW): measurement (black dots) and the saturation fit of Eq. (1) (orange line). data.csv
• panel (f): Fiber autoluminescence: count rate (counts per second) against input laser power ($\mu$W), measurement (black dots) and linear fit (orange line). data.csv

Fig. 4

• panel (c): Scanning-nanobeam image of a spin wave in YIG: NV ESR contrast PL/PL$_0$ against scan position $x$ ($\mu$m), measurement (black dots) with shot-noise error bars and a sinusoidal fit (orange line). data.csv

Cite

Yufan Li, Fabian A. Gerritsma, Samer Kurdi, Nina Codreanu, Simon Gröblacher, Ronald Hanson, Richard Norte, Toeno van der Sar. A Fiber-Coupled Scanning Magnetometer with Nitrogen-Vacancy Spins in a Diamond Nanobeam. ACS Photonics 10, 1859-1865 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00259

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