Nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry of CrSBr by diamond membrane transfer

npj 2D Mater. Appl. 7, 62 (2023) · DOI: 10.1038/s41699-023-00423-y

License: CC BY 4.0.

Abstract

Magnetic imaging using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins in diamonds is a powerful technique for acquiring quantitative information about sub-micron scale magnetic order. A major challenge for its application in the research on two-dimensional (2D) magnets is the positioning of the NV centers at a well-defined, nanoscale distance to the target material required for detecting the small magnetic fields generated by magnetic monolayers. Here, we develop a diamond “dry-transfer” technique akin to the state-of-the-art 2D-materials assembly methods and use it to place a diamond micro-membrane in direct contact with the 2D interlayer antiferromagnet CrSBr. We harness the resulting NV-sample proximity to spatially resolve the magnetic stray fields generated by the CrSBr, present only where the CrSBr thickness changes by an odd number of layers. From the magnetic stray field of a single uncompensated ferromagnetic layer in the CrSBr, we extract a monolayer magnetization of $M_{\mathrm{CSB}}$ = 0.46(2) T, without the need for exfoliation of monolayer crystals or applying large external magnetic fields. The ability to deterministically place NV-ensemble sensors into contact with target materials and detect ferromagnetic monolayer magnetizations paves the way for quantitative analysis of a wide range of 2D magnets assembled on arbitrary target substrates.

Figures

10 panels with data across 2 figures. Each panel page shows the plot, its columns and its files; each data.csv begins with a header naming the paper, the panel, the source, the license and the provenance route.

Fig. 1

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF. Page 2 of the PDF.

Fig. 2

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF. Page 3 of the PDF.

Fig. 3

• panel (c): Height (nm) of the CrSBr flake against position ($\mu$m) across its width. The hosted position axis is rescaled to match the print; the data file also lists the scan positions. The printed '2.4 nm height' annotation is not drawn. data.csv
• panel (d): Electron spin resonance frequency $f_{\mathrm{ESR}}$ (GHz) at $T = 10$ K against position ($\mu$m) across the CrSBr flake, with error bars. The hosted position axis is shifted to the printed one; the data file also lists the scan positions. data.csv
• panel (e): Photoluminescence of the NV diamond and CrSBr at 10 K: PL intensity (cts.s$^{-1}$.nm$^{-1}$) against wavelength (nm), measured in two overlapping spectrometer windows drawn as one red dotted spectrum in print and as two series here. The hosted intensity is the measured counts scaled to the printed axis. data.csv
• panel (f-2): Spatial map of the CrSBr photoluminescence at $T = 70$ K, Log CSB PL (cts.s$^{-1}$) against position ($\mu$m), on the coordinates of the scan. The print shows this region rotated a quarter turn, cropped and with a 5 $\mu$m scale bar; the hosted range is the printed window. data.csv
• panel (f-3): Spatial map of the ESR frequency $f_{\mathrm{ESR}}$ (GHz) at $T = 70$ K against position ($\mu$m), on the coordinates of the scan. The print shows this region rotated a quarter turn, cropped and with a 5 $\mu$m scale bar; the hosted range is the printed window. data.csv
• panel (g): AFM height (nm) against position ($\mu$m) across the 2.4 nm step of the CrSBr flake: 15 individual height profiles (grey dots) and the green curve drawn through them. data.csv
• panel (h): Stray field $dB_{\mathrm{NV}}$ ($\mu$T) at the 2.4 nm CrSBr edge against position ($\mu$m), with error bars, and the fit (red dashed). The print gives only a 2 $\mu$m scale bar; the hosted position axis is that of panel (d). data.csv

Fig. 4

• panel (a): Stray field d$B$ ($\mu$T) against position across the CrSBr flake below the phase transition temperature, with three dashed lines marking the edges whose temperature dependence panel (c) follows. The printed position axis reads $\mu$T; it is labelled $\mu$m here, and shifted to the printed one (the data file also lists the scan positions). data.csv
• panel (b): Stray field d$B$ ($\mu$T) against position and temperature $T$ (K), 75 to 157 K, showing the magnetic phase transition; at each temperature the field measured at 157 K is subtracted. The printed position axis reads $\mu$T; it is labelled $\mu$m here, and shifted as in panel (a). data.csv
• panel (c): Normalized stray field d$B$ (norm.) against temperature $T$ (K) for the three edges marked in panel (a) (blue, red, green), with error bars, and the three fits of the form $1 - (T/T_c)^{\beta}$ (black), which the print does not assign to edges. data.csv

Cite

Talieh S. Ghiasi, Michael Borst, Samer Kurdi, Brecht G. Simon, Iacopo Bertelli, Carla Boix-Constant, Samuel Mañas-Valero, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Toeno van der Sar. Nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry of CrSBr by diamond membrane transfer. npj 2D Mater. Appl. 7, 62 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-023-00423-y

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