Optical vector analysis with attometer resolution, 90-dB dynamic range and THz bandwidth

Nat. Commun. 10, 5135 (2019) · DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13129-x

License: CC BY 4.0.

Abstract

Optical vector analysis (OVA) capable of achieving magnitude and phase responses is essential for the fabrication and application of emerging optical devices. Conventional OVA often has to make compromises among resolution, dynamic range, and bandwidth. Here we show an original method to meet the measurement requirements for ultra-wide bandwidth, ultra-high resolution, and ultra-large dynamic range simultaneously, based on an asymmetric optical probe signal generator (ASG) and receiver (ASR). The ASG and ASR remove the measurement errors introduced by the modulation nonlinearity and enable an ultra-large dynamic range. Thanks to the wavelength-independence of the ASG and ASR, the measurement range can increase by 2$N$ times by applying an $N$-tone optical frequency comb without complicated operation. In an experiment, OVA with a resolution of 334 Hz (2.67 attometer in the 1550-nm band), a dynamic range of > 90 dB and a measurement range of 1.075 THz is demonstrated.

Figures

12 panels with data across 4 figures. Each panel page shows the plot, its columns and its files; each data.csv begins with a header naming the paper, the panel, the source, the license and the provenance route.

Fig. 1

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF.

Fig. 2

Illustrative figure, no extractable data. Shown in the paper PDF.

Fig. 3

• panel (a): The generated 43-tone optical frequency comb: amplitude (dBm) against wavelength (nm), one OSA trace. data.csv
• panel (b): The comb line in the middle of the comb selected by the second optical bandpass filter: amplitude (dBm) against wavelength (nm). The two dashed lines mark the levels between which the print labels the side-mode suppression ratio. data.csv
• panel (c): A comb line in the marginal area of the comb selected by the second optical bandpass filter: amplitude (dBm) against wavelength (nm). The two dashed lines mark the levels between which the print labels the side-mode suppression ratio. data.csv

Fig. 4

• panel (a): Magnitude response of a H$^{13}$C$^{14}$N gas cell: relative amplitude (dB) against frequency offset (GHz), measured by the proposed OVA (red line) and by an OSA (black line). The OVA trace is hosted at every fourth point (4 MHz step); the zoom inset at 1070 to 1075 GHz is panel a-inset. data.csv
• panel (a-inset): Inset of panel (a): the proposed OVA magnitude response zoomed to 1070 to 1075 GHz, relative amplitude (dB) against frequency offset (GHz), at the full 1 MHz step. data.csv
• panel (b): Phase response of the H$^{13}$C$^{14}$N gas cell measured by the proposed OVA: relative phase (degrees) against frequency offset (GHz). Hosted at every fourth point (4 MHz step); the zoom inset at 1070 to 1075 GHz is panel b-inset. data.csv
• panel (b-inset): Inset of panel (b): the phase response zoomed to 1070 to 1075 GHz, relative phase (degrees) against frequency offset (GHz), at the full 1 MHz step. data.csv

Fig. 5

• panel (a-1): Magnitude response of a fiber Michelson interferometer in a 3 MHz span with 9001 points: relative amplitude (dB) against frequency offset (MHz), measured by the OVA (red), by an OSA (blue) and simulated (dotted). The phase is panel a-2. data.csv
• panel (a-2): Phase response of the fiber Michelson interferometer in the same 3 MHz span: relative phase (degrees) against frequency offset (MHz), measured by the OVA (red) and simulated (dotted). The OSA measures no phase. The magnitude is panel a-1. data.csv
• panel (b-1): Magnitude response of the fiber Michelson interferometer zoomed to one notch, 30 kHz span with 91 points: relative amplitude (dB) against frequency offset (kHz), OVA (red) and simulation (dotted). The phase is panel b-2. data.csv
• panel (b-2): Phase response of the fiber Michelson interferometer in the same 30 kHz span: relative phase (degrees) against frequency offset (kHz), OVA (red) and simulation (dotted). The magnitude is panel b-1. data.csv

Fig. 6

• panel (b): Magnitude response of two cascaded programmable optical filters and an SBS-pumped fiber, relative power (dB) against wavelength (nm): proposed OVA (red) and an OSA with 80 dB dynamic range (black). The dashed lines mark the levels bounding the two dynamic-range spans the print labels. The unlabelled zoom inset of the gain peak is not hosted. data.csv

Cite

Ting Qing, Shupeng Li, Zhenzhou Tang, Bindong Gao, Shilong Pan. Optical vector analysis with attometer resolution, 90-dB dynamic range and THz bandwidth. Nat. Commun. 10, 5135 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13129-x

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